Umkhakha wezokumbiwa uqhubeka nokuguquka ngokushesha, uhambisana nezithuthukisi zobuchwepheshe kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sokukhipha izinsiza ngendlela efanele. Phakathi kwezindlela eziningi zokucubungula imayini, ukuhlukaniswa kwegravity kuvele njengendlela eyisisekelo esetshenziselwa ukubuyisa imayini ewusizo ngokusekelwe ekwehlukaniseni kwesisindo. Le ndlela ibalulekile ikakhulukazi ekucubunguleni imayini encane, ethinta izinselelo ezihlukile ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane kanye nezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuhlukaniswa kwegravity kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni amazinga aphezulu okubuyiselwa, ukonga izindleko, kanye nokucubungula okungcolisi umhlaba, okwenza kube kubalulekile emisebenzini yokubuyisa imayini yanamuhla.

Ukucubungula imayini ye-gravity kusebenzisa izakhiwo zomzimba zezimayini, ikakhulukazi isisindo sazo esithile, ukuze kuhlukaniswe ama-ore particles emathunjini ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali. Le ndlela ayinciphisi kuphela umthelela emvelweni kodwa futhi inciphisa nezindleko zokusebenza, okuyinto ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni imayini esimeme. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Alicoco Mineral Technology Co., Limited zikhangisa ngokuhlinzeka ngezinsiza zokuhlukanisa i-gravity ezithuthukisiwe ezihloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukuvuselelwa kwezimayini ezincane nezinzima ukuhlukanisa, kuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi yemayini ifinyelela kokubili inzuzo nokuhambisana nemvelo.

Ukubaluleka kokuhlukaniswa kwegravity kugcizelelwa kakhulu ngokuhambisana kwaso nezinsiza eziningi, kuhlanganise negolide, i-hematite, ne-cobalt. Lezi zinsiza zivame ukuvela ngezimo ezincane ezinzima ezithinta izindlela zokucubungula ezijwayelekile. Ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlukaniswa kwegravity kuvumela abakhweli ukuba bagxile kahle kulezi zinsiza, kuthuthukisa umkhiqizo jikelele nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza. Le ndatshana ihlola izimiso eziyisisekelo, imishini, izinto ezithinta, kanye nokwenza ngcono izinqubo zokuhlukaniswa kwegravity emkhakheni wokucubungula izinsiza ezincane.

Ukwehlukaniswa kwe-gravity kuyindlela yokucubungula imayini esebenzisa umehluko wezinga lokuphakama phakathi kwemayini ewusizo kanye nezinsalela. Umgomo oyisisekelo ulula: ama-particulu anesisindo esikhulu avame ukuhamba phansi ngokushesha kunezinto ezilula uma ethintwa amandla e-gravity. Lo mehluko wesivinini sokuhamba phansi uwenza kube lula ukuwa kahle ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Le nqubo ayidingi izinto zokwakha zamakhemikhali, okwenza kube indlela ethokomele emvelweni yokubuyisela imayini.

Ubunzima obuthile, obuchazwa njengobudlelwano bokuphakama kokuphakama kwento nobudlelwano bokuphakama kwamanzi, yisici esiyinhloko esilawula ukuziphatha kwezingcezu ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa. Imayini ezifana negolide ne-hematite zinezinhlaka ezithile eziphakeme kakhulu kunezinto eziningi eziphumayo, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukujolisa kuzo ngezindlela zokuphakama. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukudala indawo—ivamise ukuba amanzi noma ibhedi efakwe umoya— lapho izingcezu zihlukaniswa khona ngokwezimali nobukhulu, kuholela ekuhlukanisweni kwemayini ezibalulekile ezivela emathunjini.

Ukuphumelela kokuhlukanisa ngamandla okudonsa kuncike ezintweni eziningana ezihlanganisa usayizi wezingcezu, isimo, nezakhiwo ezingaphezulu, kanye nomklamo wezinto zokusebenza nemingcele yokusebenza. Le nqubo ifanele kakhulu izingcezu ezinkulu kodwa ibone intuthuko evumela ukutholwa okuthuthukisiwe kwezingcezu ezihle kakhulu. Ngokuqonda lezi zimiso, abasebenzisi bangakhetha futhi balungise izinto zokusebenza nezimo ukuze balethe ukutholwa kwamaminerali futhi banciphise ukulahleka.

Izinhlobo eziningana zemishini zisetshenziswa ekucubunguleni amaminerali ngokusebenzisa amandla omfutho (gravity mineral processing), ngayinye yakhelwe ukusebenzisa umehluko wobuningi (density differences) emamineralini ngobuchule obuhlukahlukene obusebenza kahle kumafayela osayizi abahlukene. Ubuchwepheshe obuvame kakhulu futhi obusebenza kahle buhlanganisa imishini ye-jigging, amatafula okugubha (shaking tables), izihlukanisi eziyispirali (spiral concentrators), izihlukanisi ze-centrifugal, kanye nezihlukanisi zemidiya ewugqinsi (dense media separators). Le mishini ivame ukwenziwa ngendlela efanele ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zezinhlobo zamaminerali kanye nosayizi wezingcezu ezitholakala emisebenzini yokumba izimbiwa.

Imishini yeJigging isebenza ngokucindezela amanzi nge-sihlungo noma embhedeni we-ore, okubangela ukwahlukaniswa ngokwe-gravity. Lokhu kusebenza kahle kakhulu kumafutha amakhulu futhi kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekucubunguleni amalahle negolide. Amatafula okugubha asebenzisa inhlanganisela yokugubha ngomshini nokugeleza kwamanzi ukuhlukanisa amaminerali, anikeza ukunemba okuphezulu kumafutha amahle.

Ama-concentrator e-Spiral, okuyinto ekhethekile ye-Alicoco Mineral Technology Co., Limited, ayaziwa kabanzi ngokusebenza kwawo kahle ekutholeni amaminerali amahle. Lezi zinsiza zisebenzisa umsele we-helical lapho i-slurry igeleza phansi, ivumela ama-particle asindayo ukuba ahlale ngaphakathi kwengxenye engaphakathi bese ama-particle alula ehamba ngaphandle. Izimbobo ze-spiral ezinelungelo lobunikazi le-Alicoco zihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuklama nokukhiqiza ukuze kuthuthukiswe amazinga okuthola amaminerali ngenkathi kuncishiswa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nomthelela emvelweni.

Ama-separator we-centrifugal asebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokuhlukanisa, okuvumela ukucubungula izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu ezingasetshenziswa izindlela zokudonsela phansi ezivamile. Ama-separator we-dense media asebenzisa uketshezi olunesisindo esiphakathi ukuze ahlukanise amaminerali; le ndlela ingakwazi ukukala kakhulu futhi isebenza kahle ezinhlotsheni eziningi zamatshe.

Ukwenza kahle kokucubungula amaminerali ngokudonsela phansi kuncike ezintweni eziningi ezithinta ukusebenza kokuhlukanisa kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ukusabalala kosayizi wezinhlayiya kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu; ukuhlukaniswa ngokudonsela phansi kuvame ukusebenza kangcono ngezinhlayiya ezinkulu, kanti ukuthola izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu kuvame ukudinga imishini ekhethekile noma izindlela ezingeziwe. Izinga lokukhululwa kwamaminerali anenzuzo kusuka ku-gangue nalo libamba iqhaza elibalulekile—izinhlayiya ezikhululeke kakhulu zenza ukuhlukaniswa kube ngcono.

Amaparamitha enqubo njengokugeleza, imvamisa yokushaya (ekugxunulweni), ukuthambekela kwetafula kanye namandla okuzamazama (ematafuleni okuzamazama), kanye nokuminyana kokudla kufanele kuthuthukiswe ukuze kulinganiswe ukukhiqiza nokubuyisa. Izici zemaminerali zokudla, kufaka phakathi izisindo ezithile, ukuma kwezinhlayiya, nokungalingani kobuso, nazo zithinta ukuhlukaniswa. Ikhwalithi namanzi okushisa kungathinta inqubo ngokuqhubekayo ngokushintsha ukuminyana kwe-slurry nokusebenzisana kwezinhlayiya.

Izimo zokusebenza kufanele ziqashwe futhi zilawulwe ngokucophelela ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza okuzinzile. Izinhlelo zokulawula zesimanje kanye nezinzwa zisiza abasebenzi ukuthi balungise amapharamitha ngesikhathi sangempela, baqinisekise ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo. I-Alicoco Mineral Technology Co., Limited ihlanganisa izindlela zokulawula inqubo nemishini yayo ukusekela amakhasimende ekutholeni amazinga okubuyisa azinzile futhi aphezulu, ngisho nasezicelo zamaminerali ezinhle kakhulu eziyinselele.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-gravity kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezikwenza kube ukukhetha okuhehayo kokucubungula imayini, ikakhulukazi kumaminerali amancane. Kusebenza kahle ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okuphansi kwamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa okuncane kwemichiza, okuphinde kuholele ekunciphiseni umthelela emvelweni. Le nqubo isekela amazinga aphezulu okubuyiselwa futhi ingaklanywa ukuze ihambisane nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwayo okulula kanye nezidingo zokmaintenance zinikeza ukuhamba kokusebenza.

Izinzuzo zemvelo zibalulekile, njengoba ukuhlukaniswa kwe-gravity kugwema ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezilimazayo nezikhemikhali eziyingozi. Lokhu kuhambisana nomzamo womhlaba wonke wokuthuthukisa izinqubo zokumba ezisimeme futhi kusiza abaphathi ukuba bahambisane nemithetho yemvelo eqinile. I-Alicoco Mineral Technology Co., Limited igcizelela izixazululo ezihambisana nemvelo ekuthuthukiseni imikhiqizo yabo, iqinisa ukubaluleka kokusimama ekucubunguleni amaminerali.

Nokho, ukuhlukaniswa ngamandla omzimba (gravity separation) kuhlangabezana nemikhawulo njengokuncipha kokusebenza kahle ngezingcezu ezincane kakhulu, lapho ezinye izindlela njengokuhlanganisa (flotation) noma ukuhlukanisa ngamandla omagnetic (magnetic separation) zingadingeka njengezinye izinqubo. Ukuncika osayizi bezingcezu kanye nemihlukahluko yobuningi (density differences) kungase futhi kukhawulelwe ukusetshenziswa emamineralini anezilinganiso ezifanayo zobuningi (specific gravities). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi zamaminerali (ore mineralogy) zingadala izinselele ekuhlukaniseni ezidinga izindlela zokucubungula ezihlanganisiwe ukuze kutholwe okuningi ngokufanele.

Ukwenza kahle kubalulekile ukuze kutholwe izinzuzo ezinkulu ekucubunguleni amaminerali ngokusebenzisa amandla omfutho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulungisa ngendlela ehlelekile izilungiselelo zemishini, ukulungiswa kokudla, kanye nezinqubo zokucubungula ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni okuningiliziwe nokuhlolwa. Izindlela ezifana nokuhlukanisa usayizi wezinhlayiya, ukucubungula ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa, kanye nokuhlukanisa okunezinyathelo ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele. Amasu okulawula inqubo asebenzisa amathuluzi okuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela, imijikelezo yokubuyekeza, kanye nokuzenzakalela ukuze kugcinwe ikhwalithi yokuhlukanisa engaguquki.

Izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa eziqhubekayo zisiza ukuthola izinkinga futhi zivumelane nezici eziguquguqukayo zamatshe. I-Alicoco Mineral Technology Co., Limited isekela amaklayenti ayo ngezinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe ezichwepheshile, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa endaweni kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinqubo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo yokuhlukanisa amaminerali ngokusebenzisa amandla omfutho. Izinto zabo ezikhethekile zokuhlanganisa ezinezimpawu zokuhweba, ezihlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokulawula zesimanje, zivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze kahle ukukhiqiza ngenkathi bethola amazinga aphezulu okutholwa kanye namazinga omkhiqizo.

Amathuluzi aphezulu okulinganisa nokumodela nawo asiza ekwakhiweni kwezinqubo nasekukhuliseni, anciphisa ubungozi obuhambisana nokutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini nokusebenza. Ekugcineni, umjikelezo wokuhlukanisa nge-gravity ohlelelwe kahle uba nesandla esikhulu ekuzuzeni inzuzo nasekuqhubekeni kwezinto zokucubungula amaminerali.

Ukwahlukanisa nge-gravity kuhlala kuyisisekelo sokucubungula amaminerali, ikakhulukazi ukuthola amaminerali amahle futhi anzima ukwahlukanisa. Izinzuzo zayo ekubeni nenzuzo, ukuphepha kwemvelo, nokulula kokusebenza kuyenza ibe yindlela ebalulekile embonini yokumba izimbiwa. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Alicoco Mineral Technology Co., Limited ziyaqhubeka nokwenza izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa nge-gravity, zinikeza izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe ezihlangabezana nezinselelo zokucubungula amaminerali esikhathini samanje.

Ngokutshala imali ezintweni ezifanele kanye namasu okuphumelela, imisebenzi yokumba ingafinyelela amazinga aphezulu okuphumelela, yehlise umthelela omubi emvelweni, futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwezinsiza. Ikusasa lokucubungula amaminerali ngokusebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi lithembisa, ngokucwaninga okuqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kuyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo nokusebenza kwayo.

Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nobuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa ngamandla adonsela phansi nezixazululo, vakashela i-Ikhaya ikhasi le-Alicoco Mineral Technology Co., Limited. Hlola uhla lwabo lwezihlukanisi eziyispirali ezinelungelo lobunikazi futhi ufunde ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu bungaguqula kanjani ukutholwa kwamaminerali amahle. Ukuze uthole izibonelo ezithile zamaphrojekthi kanye nezindaba ezithile, bona i- Amacala ikhasi. Imibuzo mayelana nokucaciswa komkhiqizo nezicelo ingaxazululwa nge-Xhumana nathiIngxenye yemibuzo ejwayelekile.

Hlala unolwazi ngezinto ezintsha zakamuva kanye nezindaba zenkampani ngokuvakashela i-Izindaba ikhasi. Ukuhlola izinketho zomkhiqizo nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe, thintana ne-Imikhiqizo ikhasi. Ngalezi zinsiza, ochwepheshe bezokumbiwa bangathuthukisa ukuqonda kwabo futhi baphumelele ekusebenziseni izixazululo zokucubungula imayini ye-gravity kumaminerali amancane.