Imboni yezimayela eNingizimu Afrika iyisisekelo somnotho wayo, eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngamatshe ayigugu ayigugu, amadayimane, i-platinum, namalahle. Umkhakha wokucubungula amaminerali udlala indima ebalulekile ekuguquleni amatshe angahluziwe abe amaminerali anenani, uqinisekisa ukutholwa okuphezulu nokusetshenziswa kahle kwezinsiza. Ukucubungula amaminerali eNingizimu Afrika kuhlale kuguquguquka, kuqhutshwa isidingo sokuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza, ukunciphisa umthelela emvelweni, nokukhulisa inzuzo yomnotho. Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe nezinqubo ezintsha seziyisihluthulelo sokubhekana nezinselelo ezifana nobunzima bamatshe entengo yezimpahla eguquguqukayo. Lesi sihloko sihluza izinto ezintsha zakamuva ezixazululweni zokucubungula amaminerali, sigcizelela umthelela wazo embonini yezimayela yaseNingizimu Afrika nokuthi amabhizinisi angazuza kanjani ngokwamukela lezi zinto ezintsha.

Ukwemba igolide eNingizimu Afrika, okwakugxile emlandweni eWitwatersrand Basin, kusabalulekile, nezinqubo zokucubungula amaminerali zibalulekile ekukhipheni izinhlayiya zegolide ezinhle ngempumelelo. Ngokufanayo, ukwemba amadayimane eKimberley, lapho kwavela khona "iBig Hole" odumile, kuyaqhubeka nokuthembela ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zokuhlukanisa nokuhlanganisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukutholwa kwamadayimane. Izimayela zamalahle eNingizimu Afrika zinikela kakhulu ekukhiqizeni amandla, lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwamalahle ngempumelelo kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yophele futhi kunciphisa udoti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwemba i-platinum, okugxile kakhulu eBushveld Complex, kufuna ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokucubungula ukuze kubhekwane namaminerali ayinselele futhi kutholwe amaminerali ayigugu amaningi. Lesi sibuyekezo esibanzi sibeka isiteji sokuqonda ukuthi imboni izuzwa kanjani ngezixazululo zesimanjemanje zokucubungula amaminerali.

I-Guangzhou City Yin'ou Mineral Processing Technology Co., Ltd. yinkampani ehamba phambili kwezobuchwepheshe egxile ezintweni zokucubungula imihumelele ezintsha nezixazululo. Ngokugxila kakhulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, le nkampani inikeza imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu eyenzelwe ukuthuthukisa amazinga okubuyisa imihumelele nokusebenza kahle. Ubuchwepheshe bayo obuthuthukisiwe bokuhlukanisa ngamandla omkhathi kanye nama-concentrator ayo akhethekile enziwe ngokwezifiso enzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokumba, okubandakanya nalezo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zemihumelele zaseNingizimu Afrika. Ukuzibophezela kwenkampani ekuqeqesheni nasekuqeqesheni kuhambisana kakhulu nezidingo zemboni yokumba, inikeza izixazululo ezibhekana nezinselelo ezifana nokuhlukahluka kwe-ore, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, nokusimama kwemvelo.

I-Guangzhou City Yin'ou Mineral Processing Technology Co., Ltd. inemikhiqizo ebanzi ehlanganisa izitebhisi ezigoqayo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni izinhlayiya ezincane, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yegolide ne-platinum. Ubuchwepheshe babo buye baziwa ngamandla abo okuthuthukisa ukubuyisa ngenkathi kugcinwa izindleko eziphansi zokusebenza kanye nokonga amandla. Ngokubambisana nezinkampani zezimayini emhlabeni wonke, okubandakanya nalezo zaseNingizimu Afrika, le nkampani idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okucubungula amaminerali. Amabhizinisi anentshisekelo yokuthuthukisa izitshalo zawo zokucubungula angahlola iminikelo yenkampani kanye nobuchwepheshe bayo ukuze athole izixazululo eziqondene nawo ezihambisana kangcono nezidingo zawo zokusebenza.

Imboni yokucubungula amaminerali eNingizimu Afrika ibona ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuguqula izinto okwandisa kakhulu ukukhiqiza nokusimama. Phakathi kwalezi, izinto ezintsha ekuhlukaniseni nge-gravity, i-flotation, kanye ne-magnetic separation zibonakale zinomthelela omkhulu. Izikhalu zokuhlanganisa, njengezo ezakhiwe yi-广州市银鸥选矿科技有限公司, zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-gravity obuthuthukisiwe ukuhlukanisa kahle amaminerali anenzuzo kusuka ku-gangue ngosayizi omncane wamaminerali, okubalulekile ekumbeni igolide emzimbeni we-ore eyinkimbinkimbi yaseNingizimu Afrika.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko kwezokuhlunga amatshe ezimayini ngokusebenzisa izinzwa nokuzenzakalela kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqapha nokwenza ngcono imizila yokucubungula ngesikhathi sangempela. Lezi zithuthukisi zinciphisa imfucuza nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, okuzuzisa ngqo izimayini zamalahle eNingizimu Afrika ngokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nokuvumelana kwemikhiqizo yamalahle. Ezindaweni zezimayini zamadayimane njengeKimberley, ubuchwepheshe obusha bezinzwa nezokuthwebula buvumela ukuhlukaniswa okungcono kwamadayimane ematsheni, kwandise isivuno futhi kunciphise izindleko zokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-data analytics kanye ne-machine learning kuvumela izinkampani zezimayini ukuthi zibike izidingo zokulungiswa kwemishini futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kwezikhungo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezimayini ze-platinum.

Ukwamukela izixazululo eziphambili zokucubungula amaminerali kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi embonini yezimayini yaseNingizimu Afrika. Okokuqala, ubuchwepheshe lezi bukhuphula amazinga okutholwa ngokukhipha ngempumelelo amaminerali anenani njengeg olide, amadayimane, amalahle, ne-platinum. Ukutholwa okwengeziwe kuhumusha ekuzuzeni okukhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa okungcono kwezinsiza, okubalulekile ngenxa yesimo sezimayini esidinga imali eningi. Okwesibili, izindlela zokucubungula ezithuthukisiwe zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, zihambisana nemithetho yezemvelo kanye nemigomo yokusimama ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe zinikeza ukuguquguquka kokusebenza, okuvumela imigodi ukuthi icubungule iziqu ezihlukahlukene namathayiphu ezimbiwa ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezinkulu zemishini. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kubalulekile emigodini yaseNingizimu Afrika ebhekene nokuhlukahluka kweziqu zembiwa ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuncishiswa kwezinsalela nezinto ezingadingekile ngokucubungula izimbiwa okwenziwe kahle kunciphisa izingozi zemvelo futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokubuyiselwa kwendawo. Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ekhethekile evela kubahlinzeki abahlonishwayo njenge-广州市银鸥选矿科技有限公司 kuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi yezimbiwa izuzwa ezinhlelweni zokucubungula ezithembekile, eziqinile, neziphumelelayo, okufaka isandla empumelelweni yokusebenza yesikhathi eside.

Izinkampani eziningana zezimayini eNingizimu Afrika ziphumelele ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokucubungula amaminerali, zibonisa ukuthuthuka okubonakalayo ekululameni nasekuphumeleleni. Ngokwesibonelo, umsebenzi wokumba igolide eWitwatersrand Basin uhlanganise izihlukanisi eziyindilinga ezivela ku-广州市银鸥选矿科技有限公司, okuholele ekwanda okungu-15% ekululameni kwegolide kanye nokuncipha okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla. Lesi simo sigcizelela ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuhlukanisa ngamandla adonsela phansi bungavuselela izimayini ezindala futhi buwandise impilo yazo yezenotho.

Emkhakheni wokumba amalahle, umsebenzi owamukele ubuchwepheshe bokuhlunga obusekelwe kuzinzwa uthuthukise ikhwalithi yamalahle angaluhlanzekile ngokukhipha izinto ezingenasidingo ngempumelelo. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa akugcinanga ngokukhulisa inani lomkhiqizo kodwa futhi kwahambisana nezindinganiso eziqinile zemvelo. Ngokufanayo, amaphrojekthi okumba amadayimane eKimberley asebenzisa imishini ethuthukisiwe yokuhlanganisa nokuthwebula abone ukwanda kwemiphumela yamadayimane kanye nokuncipha kwesikhathi sokucubungula, okugcizelela ukubaluleka kobuchwepheshe ekugcineni inzuzo yokuncintisana. Izimayini zamapatinam enze uhlaka oluhlanganisiwe lwedatha nokuzenzakalela kubike ukuthuthukiswa kokudlula esitshalweni kanye nokuncipha kwesikhathi sokungasebenzi, okukhombisa izinzuzo zokuguqulwa kwedijithali ekucubunguleni amaminerali.

Ukukhetha umlingani ofanele wokucubungula imayini kubalulekile ezinkampanini zemayini ezihlose ukufaka izixazululo ezithuthukile. Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe zifaka phakathi ubuchwepheshe bomlingani, amakhono obuchwepheshe, kanye nesipiliyoni esifanele ezimeni zemayini ezifanayo. Isipiliyoni esibanzi endaweni yemayini yaseNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukazi ngegolide, idayimane, ikhabhoni, kanye nezinsimbi zeplatinamu, siqinisekisa ukuthi umlingani uyawuqonda umthelela wendawo nezidingo zomthetho.

I-Guangzhou City Yin'ou Mining Technology Co., Ltd. igqama njengomlingani onesiphiwo ngenxa yomugqa wayo womkhiqizo osungulwe kabusha nokuzibophezela ekwenzeni ngokwezifiso. Izinkampani zezimayini kufanele zihlole abahlinzeki bezobuchwepheshe ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kahle komkhiqizo, ukwesekwa ngemuva kokuthengisa, kanye nekhono lokuhlinzeka ngezixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezibhekana nezinhlobo ezithile zamatshe kanye nemigomo yokusebenza. Ukubandakanya abalingani abanikeza izinsizakalo eziphelele—kusukela ekuboniswaneni kokuqala kanye nokuklama imishini kuya ekufakweni kanye nokugcinwa okuqhubekayo—kungandisa izinzuzo zokuthuthukiswa kokucubungula amaminerali. Ngemininingwane eyengeziwe ngemishini yokucubungula amaminerali nezinketho zobuchwepheshe, vakashela kuIkhaya ikhasi le-ALICOCO, umkhiqizi ohamba phambili emkhakheni.

Imboni yezimayini eNingizimu Afrika isezingeni eliphezulu ekwamukeleni izixazululo ezintsha zokucubungula amaminerali ezithuthukisa ukubuyisa, kunciphisa izindleko, futhi kukhuthaza ukusimama. Izinkampani ezifana ne-广州市银鸥选矿科技有限公司 zinikeza ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe nemishini enika amandla imisebenzi yezimayini ukuthi inqobe izinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi izuze imiphumela ephakeme. Ngokutshala imali ezindleleni zokucubungula amaminerali zesimanje, izimayini zaseNingizimu Afrika zingavikela umkhawulo wazo wokuncintisana emakethe yomhlaba efuna kakhulu.

Izinkampani zokumba ezithakazelisayo ekuthuthukiseni amakhono azo okucubungula imikhiqizo zikhuthazwa ukuba zihlolisise ubuchwepheshe obusha futhi zixhumane nabahlinzeki abanamava. Ukusebenzisa lezi zinguquko kuzothuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza kodwa futhi kusekela ukuphathwa kwemvelo kanye nokwenza inzuzo yesikhathi eside. Ukuze uthole imibuzo mayelana nezixazululo zokucubungula imikhiqizo kanye nezinsiza ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, cabanga ngokuqhubeka uvakashele i-Xhumana-1 ikhasi ukuze uxhumane nochwepheshe bezimboni abakulungele ukusiza ngeziphakamiso ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.