Ukuhlukaniswa kwamaminerali kusemgogodleni womnotho womhlaba wonke, kuguqula izinsimbi ezingahluziwe zibe izinsimbi, amafutha, namaminerali anika amandla konke kusukela ekwakheni kuya kwezobuchwepheshe. Phakathi kwezindlela eziningi ezisetshenziswayo zokuthuthukisa amaminerali, ukuhlukaniswa ngamandla adonsela phansi (gravity separation) sekuzibonakalise kaningi njengenye yezindlela ezingabizi kakhulu futhi ezinobungani nemvelo. I-spiral concentrator, umsele oyindilinga obukeka ulula, iseyisinye sezinto ezidume kakhulu zokuhlukanisa ngamandla adonsela phansi embonini, inikeza ukusebenza okuthembekile ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezinkulu. Kubaphathi bezimboni, ochwepheshe bezimbiwa, nabatshalizimali ngokufanayo, ukuthola ukuqonda okujulile kwale mishini kubalulekile ekukhuliseni ukutholwa nenzuzo. Lobu buchwepheshe buthembekile kangangokuthi abasebenzi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bakuchaza njengomsebenzi othulile ongathembi ukunakwa emzileni wokuhlukanisa ngamandla adonsela phansi. Ezigabeni ezilandelayo, sizohlola isayensi, ukusetshenziswa, nezinzuzo zama-spiral concentrators, sigxile kakhulu emikhiqizweni ehamba phambili embonini ekhiqizwa yi-Alicoco Mineral Technology Co., Limited.

I-spiral concentrator ingase ingabi nesilinganiso esikhulu se-crusher noma amandla okuduma kwe-mill, kodwa umnikelo wayo ekutholeni amaminerali mkhulu kakhulu. Emashumini eminyaka adlule, onjiniyela baye bacwengisiswa ukwakheka kwayo ukuze bafinyelele ukuhlukaniswa okusebenza ngempumelelo okwakucatshangwa ukuthi akunakwenzeka, kuyilapho begcina ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphansi ngokuphawulekayo. Izivakashi ezivakashela izimboni zanamuhla zivame ukubuka ngokumangala njengoba imigqa yamaminerali aminyene yakheka eduze komphetho wangaphakathi womsele, umbono ongalokothi uphelele. Abaningi abasebenzi abadala bakhumbula ukuthi lapho beqala ukubona i-spiral gold concentrate iqoqeka ngokuzinzile emachwebeni okuqoqa, baqonda ngokushesha ukuthi kungani lo mshini uthandwa kangaka. Akujwayelekile ukuthi i-spiral bank efanayo isebenze iminyaka engamashumi amabili ngaphandle kokuhlanzwa okuvamile nokushintshwa kwe-liner ngezikhathi ezithile. Lesi sihloko sibhalelwe abanikazi bamabhizinisi, amaqembu ezobuchwepheshe, kanye nabathatha izinqumo abafuna ukufunda ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-spiral busebenza kanjani nokuthi kungani ukukhetha umkhiqizi ofanele kubalulekile. Ekugcineni, uzobe usunomfanekiso ocacile walokho i-Alicoco ekulethayo etafuleni nokuthi ama-concentrator ethu athuthukile angakukhulisa kanjani ukusebenza kwakho kokucubungula.

Ezingeni eliyisisekelo, i-spiral concentrator iyithuluzi lokuhlukanisa ngamandla adonsela phansi elakhiwe ngomsele owodwa noma amaningi ajikelezayo azungeze insika emaphakathi. Ingxube yamanzi nensimbi egayiwe ifakwa phezulu, futhi njengoba igeleza yehla, ukusebenzisana kwamandla adonsela phansi, ukushesha okujikelezayo, nokudonswa kwamanzi kubangela ukuthi izinhlayiya zihlukaniswe ngobuningi bazo. Amaminerali aminyene azinza ungqimba olunyakaza kancane phansi eduze kwendawo engaphakathi, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezilula zikhukhulelwa emaphethelweni angaphandle ngamanzi okugeza. Lokhu kunyakaza okuhlukile kuvumela abasebenzi ukuthi bahlukanise umfula ube yi-concentrate, ama-middlings, nama-tailings besebenzisa ama-cutter alula alungisekayo. Ngenxa yokuthi ithuluzi alinazo izingxenye ezinyakazayo, alinawo ama-motor, alinawo amadeck adlidlizayo, futhi alinawo amagnet, limi isikhathi eside futhi kulula ukulilungisa. Umthetho uyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela ekhohlisayo, kodwa uletha ukutholwa okuqhudelana nobuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu njengama-jig nama-shaking table.

Imvelaphi ye-spiral concentrator ihlehlela emuva eminyakeni yawo-1940, lapho i-Humphreys Spiral yaqala ukwethula lo mqondo e-United States ukuze icubungule i-chromite nezihlabathi zasogwini. Imiklamo yakuqala yabhekana nezinselele ngokungaguquguquki kokondliwa nokutholwa kabusha, kodwa iminyaka eminingi yocwaningo lwezikhungo nabakhiqizi kancane kancane yayenza ukuma kwejiyomethri kube sezingeni eliphelele. Ama-spiral anamuhla afaka izinto ezithuthukisiwe, izinhlelo zokugeza ngamanzi ezakhiwe ngobunjiniyela, kanye ne-pitch nobubanzi obulungiselelwe izimbiwa ezithile. Namuhla, ama-spiral concentrator atholakala ezitshalweni zensimbi e-Australia, ezikhungweni zokulungisa amalahle e-United States, emisebenzini ye-chromite eningizimu ye-Afrika, nasezinhlelweni zokuthola igolide emhlabeni wonke. Lobu buchwepheshe buguquke busuka ekusungulweni okukhethekile baba yizinga lomhlaba wonke lokuhlukanisa ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bemfihlakalo. Ukuqonda lokhu kuguquka kusiza abathengi ukuthi babone izinga lobunjiniyela obuyinkimbinkimbi obakhiwe emshinini wanamuhla, futhi yingakho ncamashi umkhiqizi oqinisekisiwe onjengo-Alicoco efanele ukucatshangelwa ngokujulile.

Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ama-spiral concentrator esebenza kahle kangaka, kumele umuntu acabangele amandla asebenzayo ngaphakathi kwefilimu egelezayo. Njengoba i-slurry yehla nge-helix, amandla e-centrifugal aphusha zonke izinhlayiya ziphume ngaphandle, kodwa la mandla aphikiswa kancane ukudonsa kwangaphakathi komsele woketshezi. Izinhlayiya ezisindayo, ezingaphenduli kahle ekudonsweni koketshezi, zilandela indlela eqinile futhi zihlala zibheke emgodini ongaphakathi, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezilula zithwalwa ziyiswe ngaphandle. Okwamanje, i-spiral idala lokho onjiniyela abakuchaze njenge-ringu spiral yokugeleza okujikelezayo eduze kodonga lwangaphakathi, okuqhubeka kuveza izinhlayiya endaweni yokuhlukanisa futhi kuthuthukise kakhulu ukutholakala kwazo. Umphumela uwumbhede ozinzile lapho ungqimba lwamaminerali asindayo lushelela kancane kuyilapho i-gangue elula igibela ungqimba olungaphezulu, olugeleza ngokushesha. Ngokulungisa i-pitch, ububanzi, inani lokujika, kanye nezinga lamanzi okugeza, i-metallurgist ingalungisa kahle umshini ukuze ulingane nensimbi ethile. Lobu buhlakani obuhle yikho okwenza i-spiral ihlale iqhudelana kahle ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe yikhulu isetshenziswa.

I-concentrator evamile evamile yakhiwe nge-feed box, i-helical trough, isistimu yokusabalalisa amanzi okuwasha, kanye nochungechunge lwezinto ezihlukanisa umkhiqizo noma ama-cutter ekugcineni kokukhipha. I-feed box isabalalisa i-slurry ngokulinganayo ku-channel ukuze ivimbele ukugcwala, okubalulekile ekuhlukaniseni okungaguquki. I-trough ngokwayo yenziwe ngezinto ezingagugi, ngokuvamile i-polyurethane noma i-fiberglass, futhi ingase ibe ne-molded profile enama-riffles noma ama-grooves athuthukisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezingqimba. Ama-port amanzi okuwasha agudla unqenqema lwangaphakathi, enikeza ukugeleza okulawulwayo okukhipha izinto ezilula ngaphandle kuyilapho kushiya i-heavy concentrate ingaphazanyiswa. Ngezansi, ama-splitters aguquguqukayo aqondisa imifudlana ehlukanisiwe ibe ngama-concentrate, ama-middling, namapayipi e-tailing. Ingxenye ngayinye kufanele yakhiwe ngokunembile, ngoba noma ukuphambuka okuncane kungashintsha amazinga okuthola kabusha ngamaphesenti ambalwa. Yilapho ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza, njengamazinga agcinwa yi-Alicoco, yenza umehluko olinganisekayo ekusebenzeni kwesitshalo.

Ukuguquguquka kwama-spiral concentrator kungenzeka kube yimpahla yayo enkulu kunazo zonke, njengoba esetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Ekucutshungulweni kwe-iron ore, ama-spiral asusa i-silica ne-alumina gangue kuma-hematite nama-magnetite feeds, futhi avame ukuhlelwa ngemijikelezo enezigaba eziningi ukuze kutholakale ama-concentrates ezinga le-blast-furnace. Izindawo zokulungisa amalahle zisebenzisa ama-spiral ukulahla i-pyritic sulfur nomlotha kumalahle acolekile, kanti izimayini ezisentshonalanga ye-United States zicubungula izigidi zamathani okuphakelayo ngonyaka. Abakhiqizi be-chromite e-Bushveld Complex nakwezinye izindawo bathembela kuma-spiral emsebenzini wokuhlambulula nokuhlanza osebenzisa umehluko omkhulu wokuminyana kwe-chromite. Imisebenzi yegolide, ikakhulukazi leyo ecubungula ama-placer noma ama-ores agugile, isebenzisa ama-spiral njengendlela engabizi kakhulu yokulungiselela ngaphambi kokucwiliswa okujulile. Ngisho nemijikelezo ye-tin, tantalum, ne-diamond ihlanganisa ama-spiral, ngoba ukuthembeka kwawo okulula kudlula izimbangi eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Ukufakwa emhlabeni wonke kukhombisa inani elikhishwa ama-spiral concentrator uma esetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu. E-Australia, umkhiqizi omkhulu wensimbi wafaka iqoqo lama-spiral angu-48 ukwelapha amathani angu-500 ngehora okokudla okungaphansi kwe-millimeter-1, kwehlisa i-silica ngaphansi kuka-3% ngezindleko zamandla ezingxenyeni ezincane uma kuqhathaniswa nomjikelezo wangaphambilini we-flotation. E-Zimbabwe, abavubukuli begolide abancane baye basebenzisa ama-spiral amancane ukuthola igolide elihle ematsheni emifula, bathola ukutholakala okungaphezu kuka-85% ngamandla okusebenza acishe abe zero. Imboni ye-chromite eNingizimu Afrika yathatha indawo yama-jig ajwayelekile ngomjikelezo we-spiral wezigaba eziningi futhi yabika ukwanda okungu-40% ekutholeni i-Cr₂O₃ ngamanzi amancane kakhulu futhi ngaphandle kwama-reagents. E-Indonesia naseVietnam, izimboni zokucubungula i-tin ziya ngokuya ziphendukela kubuchwepheshe be-spiral ukuze zithuthukise ama-cassiterite concentrates ngaphambi kokuhlukaniswa ngamandla kazibuthe. Lokhu akuzona izimpumelelo ezizimele kodwa kuyingxenye yomkhuba womhlaba wonke wokusebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi kuqala. Isifinyezo salezi zimpumelelo zokufakwa singabhekwa kweyethuIzifundo Zesimo ikhasi ukuze ubone idatha yokusebenza kwezokusebenza zegolide, ithini, i-hematite, i-cobalt, nethusi.

Isizathu esikhulu kunazo zonke esenza izitshalo zikhethe ama-spiral concentrator yizindleko zawo eziphansi kakhulu zokusebenza. Ngenxa yokuthi awanazo izingxenye ezinyakazayo, amandla asetshenziswayo ancishiselwa ekumpompeleni i-feed slurry, okuvame ukwabelwana ngayo neminye imishini esivele isemjikelezweni. I-spiral bank evamile ingase idonse amakhilowathi ambalwa kuphela ngepompo yokondla yonke, kanti i-flotation cell bank efanayo noma i-wet high-intensity magnetic separator ingase isebenzise amandla aphindwe kashumi. Ukunakekelwa nakho kuncane kakhulu, ngoba abasebenzi badinga nje ukuhlola ukusabalalisa kokondla, ukusetha kwamanzi, nezikhundla zama-splitter, imisebenzi ethatha imizuzu nje hhayi amahora. Akukho chemistry yamakhemikhali ebizayo okufanele ithengwe, akukho media okufanele ishintshwe, futhi akukho uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokulawula okufanele lulinganiswe. Lapho odala embonini abajwayele amandla emishini esindayo, njenge-Texas chainsaw entsha ezindaweni eziningi zomsebenzi, becabangela izindleko zokusebenza, izindleko zokuphelela zobunikazi be-spiral zikhanga ngokungagwegwesiyo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwamandla aphansi, ukunakekelwa okuphansi, nokukhiqiza okuphezulu kwenza ama-spiral abe ngomunye wemishini yokuhlukanisa enomnotho kakhulu owake wasungulwa.

Ngokombono wezemvelo, ama-spiral concentrator anikeza enye indlela evumelana nemvelo ngempela kunezindlela zokuhlukanisa ezisebenzisa ukushisa noma amakhemikhali. Asebenzisa amanzi nokudonsela phansi kuphela, awakhiqizi ukungcola, futhi awasebenzisi izinto zamakhemikhali, okunciphisa kakhulu umkhondo wekhabhoni kanye nomthwalo wemfucuza eyingozi embonini. Amanzi angaphinde asetshenziswe cishe wonke ngohlelo oluvaliwe, futhi imfucuza ilula, iyinsalela engasebenzi elula ukuyilawula. Mayelana namandla nokwethembeka, i-spiral eyodwa yesimanje ingacubungula phakathi kuka-2 no-10 amathani ngehora kuye ngobubanzi bayo nokusetshenziswa kwayo, futhi ama-spiral avame ukuhlanganiswa abe amaqembu amakhulu ukuze acubungule izinkulungwane zamathani ngosuku. Ukwakheka kwawo okuqinile, okunama-wear liner ashintshekayo, kusho impilo yesevisi yamashumi eminyaka ngisho nasekudleni okugugulekayo kakhulu. Kosomabhizinisi abakhathele ukuma okungahleliwe komsebenzi, ukuqina kobuchwepheshe be-spiral kuwubuhle obuqinisekile bokuncintisana. Lezi zinzuzo zibeka i-spiral concentrator njengensika yokucubungula izimbiwa zesimanje esimeme.

Alicoco Mineral Technology Co., Limited, ezinze eGuangzhou, eChina, inikeza uhla oluphelele lwama-spiral concentrator aklanyelwe konke kusukela ku-iron ore emahhadlahhadla kuya esihlabathini esihle sasolwandle. Umkhiqizo wethu wakhelwe phezu kwezinhlobo ezinhlanu eziyinhloko—Uhlobo F, L, H, M, no-X—ngalinye lilungiselelwe usayizi wokudla othile, umehluko wokuminyana, kanye nekhono lomthamo. Izinhlobo ze-Type F ne-Type L, ngokwesibonelo, zihle kakhulu ezintweni ezicolekile ezifana nesihlabathi sasolwandle esine-titanium kanye ne-tin tailings, kuyilapho i-Type H ne-Type M zisingatha ukudla okumahhadlahhadla nokuminyene njenge-chromite ne-hematite. Uhlobo lwe-Type X luqedela uhla, lunikeza ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kanye nemijikelezo yokuhlanzwa enezigaba eziningi. Iyunithi ngayinye ikhiqizwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, ngama-trough e-polyurethane angagqwali kanye nama-splitter enziwe ngobuchule obunembile aqinisekisa ukutholakala okungaguquki usuku nosuku. Siyakumema ukuthi ubuyekeze imininingwane eningiliziwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemodeli ngayinye ku-Imikhiqizo ikhasi.

Ngaphezu kwekhatalogi ejwayelekile, i-Alicoco igqama ekwenzeni ngokwezifiso ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo eziqondile zeshidi lakho lokugeleza. Ithimba lethu lobunjiniyela lingalungisa i-helix pitch, inani lokujika, ukwakheka kwe-trough, kanye nokucushwa kwamanzi okugeza ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokudla okuthile kwensimbi. Siphinde sihlinzeke ngamabhange aphelele e-spiral, amabhokisi okusabalalisa, kanye nezingcikitshi zokweseka, ukuze ukwazi uku-oda isekethe yamandla adonsela phansi esele ilungile kunokuba uthole izingxenye ezingaphelele. Ingxenye ngayinye yakhiwe ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingcono kakhulu—ama-resin amelana nokugqokwa angeniswa kwamanye amazwe, i-fiberglass yezinga lasolwandle, kanye nezinsimbi ze-stainless steel—futhi iyunithi ngayinye ihlolwa ngokuqinisekile ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Indawo yethu yesimanje kanye nemiklamo yamazwe ngamazwe enelungelo lobunikazi kukhombisa ukuzibophezela okujulile ekwenzeni kahle kwenqubo. Leli zinga lokuguquguquka komklamo nokuqina kokukhiqiza yilona kanye kanye iziphathi zezimboni zamazwekazi amahlanu ezithemba ngayo i-Alicoco ezidingweni zazo zokuhlukanisa ngamandla adonsela phansi.

Ukukhetha umkhiqizi wama-spiral concentrator isinqumo esibalulekile, futhi i-Alicoco iletha ulwazi oluhlanganisiwe lwamashumi eminyaka kubambiswano ngalunye. Ithimba lethu eliyinhloko lihlanganisa izazi ze-metallurgy kanye nonjiniyela bezinqubo abaklame izinhlelo ze-gravity zokuhlukanisa amagolide, ithini, insimbi, i-chromite, namaphrojekthi e-titanium emazwenikazi amathathu. Sinamalungelo obunikazi bamazwe ngamazwe nge-spiral geometry yethu kanye nohlelo lokugeza, okukhombisa ubusha nokusebenza kobuchwepheshe bethu. Indawo yethu yokukhiqiza isebenzisa imishini ethuthukile yokwakha ngokuzenzakalelayo kanye nokusika ngokunemba, iqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umsele we-spiral uhlangabezana nezilinganiso ezinembile. Asiyena nje umthengisi, kodwa siyingxenye yobambiswano lwenqubo engakusiza ukuklama, ukulingisa, nokuqalisa uhlelo olufanele lokuhlukanisa nge-gravity. Ungafunda okwengeziwe ngefilosofi yenkampani yethu namakhono obuchwepheshe ekhasini lethu.Mayelana Nathi ikhasi, noma uqale kusukela kweyethu Ikhaya ikhasi ukuze ubone ububanzi obugcwele bomsebenzi wethu.

Emakethe yomhlaba wonke, ukwesekwa kwangemva kokuthengisa okuphendula ngokushesha kubaluleke njengoba kunjalo nge-hardware, futhi i-Alicoco iyaziqhenya ngensiza yamakhasimende ayo. Ithimba lethu lihlinzeka ngokuqondisa ekufakweni, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, ukwesekwa ekuthuthukiseni inqubo, kanye newaranti eningi kuyo yonke imikhiqizo. Siyaqonda ukuthi ingxenye yokuphumula noma impendulo yezobuchwepheshe ingaba umehluko phakathi kwenyanga enenzuzo nokuma okubizayo, ngakho inethiwekhi yethu yezokuthutha iqinisekisa ukulethwa ngesikhathi emingceleni yamazwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, amanani ethu ancintisanayo, anikwa amandla ukukhiqiza okuphumelelayo kanye nesakhiwo sezindleko eziphansi, asho ukuthi uthola imishini yezinga lomhlaba ngaphandle kokukhokha okwengeziwe. Sikhuthaza amakhasimende angaba khona ukuba aqhathanise izimfuno zethu, idatha yokusebenza, kanye nentengo nanoma yimuphi umncintiswano, futhi siqinisekile ngomphumela. Imibuzo eminingi evamile mayelana nokukhethwa kwemodeli, ububanzi bosayizi wezinhlayiya, namazinga okuthola kabusha iphendulwa ngqo kwi-Imibuzo Ejwayelekile ikhasi, ukuze ukwazi ukuhlola i-Alicoco ngokuzethemba okuphelele.

I-spiral concentrator isithole indawo yaso njengenye yamathuluzi athembekile kakhulu, asebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi abhekele imvelo embonini yokucubungula amaminerali. Kusukela kumthetho oyisisekelo we-physics yokuhlukaniswa ngokwehluka kokucwila kuya emiklamweni yesimanje eyinkimbinkimbi enikezwa yi-Alicoco, lobu buchwepheshe buqhubeka buletha inani elihle kakhulu ku-iron, coal, chromite, gold, kanye nezinye izimbiwa eziningi. Noma ngabe wandisa imboni ekhona noma wakha indawo entsha ye-greenfield, i-spiral circuit eklanywe kahle ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukutholakala kwemikhiqizo kuyilapho inciphisa izindleko zokusebenza. Lokho ochwepheshe kwesinye isikhathi abakubiza ngokuthi "ukwesabeka kwe-spiral"—uhlelo lokudla olunganakwa noma amanzi okugeza angalungiswanga kahle—kungagwenywa ngokuphelele uma usebenzisana nomkhiqizi onolwazi. Ngokukhetha i-Alicoco Mineral Technology Co., Limited, uthola ukufinyelela kubuchwepheshe obunelungelo lobunikazi, imishini elungiselekayo, amanani ancintisanayo, kanye nenethiwekhi yokusekela yomhlaba wonke ezinikele empumelelweni yakho. Xhumana nethimba lethu namuhla, noma ubrowse i-Izixazululo ikhasi ukuze ubone ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-spiral bungenziwa kanjani ukuze buhambisane ne-ore yakho ethile, futhi uthathe isinyathelo sokuqala esiya ekusebenzeni okusebenza kahle, okunenzuzo, nokuqhubekayo.

Uma qhubeka, ukwehlukaniswa ngamandla adonsela phansi kumelwe ukuthi kube nokuvuseleleka njengoba imboni ishintshela kumadiphozithi asezingeni eliphansi kanye nemithetho eqinile yezemvelo. Ama-spiral concentrator, anokusebenza kwawo okuncane kakhulu kwamandla nokusebenza ngaphandle kwama-reagent, ahambisana kahle kakhulu nezinjongo zokusimama zezinkampani ezibheka phambili. Izinto ezintsha kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha ezihlakaniphile zenza ama-spiral abe sebenza ngokugcwele futhi kulula ukuwahlanganisa ezitshalweni ezisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuphelele. Izinkampani ezamukela lobu buchwepheshe obufakazelwe manje zizoba sesimweni esihle sokuchuma eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo. Kwa-Alicoco, siyaziqhenya ngokuba phambili kulokhu kuguquka, sihlinzeka ngamathuluzi nobungcweti obenza ukucubungula okuphumelelayo kufinyeleleke emisebenzini yawo wonke amazinga. Sibheke phambili ekukusizeni ukuthi uthuthukise i-flowsheet yakho futhi uvule inani eliphelele lensimbi yakho.